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Inganda zibika ingufu ku isi zirimo kwerekana imbaraga ziterambere
Iterambere ry’inganda zibika ingufu zateje impungenge zikomeye ku isoko ry’imari, kandi inganda zibika ingufu ku isi zigaragaza iterambere rikomeye.Amerika, Ubuyapani n'ibindi bihugu biyoboye isi mu nganda zibika ingufu.

Amerika ifite hafi kimwe cya kabiri cyimishinga yerekana isi, kandi habaye imishinga myinshi yo kubika ingufu zigera kubikorwa byubucuruzi.Raporo iheruka yo gukurikirana ububiko bw’ingufu muri Amerika yatanzwe n’umuryango w’ubushakashatsi Wood Mackenzie n’ishyirahamwe ry’abanyamerika babika ingufu (ESA), Amerika izashyiraho uburyo bwo kubika ingufu zifite ingufu za 345MW mu gihembwe cya kabiri cya 2021. Ibi byiyongereye na 162% ugereranije nigihe kimwe cyo muri 2020, bigatuma igihembwe cya kabiri cya 2021 igihembwe cya kabiri kinini cyoherejwe muri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu muri Amerika.

Dukurikije imibare iri mu gitabo cyera 2022 kivuga ku bushakashatsi bw’inganda zibika ingufu, bitewe n’igitutu cyo gutinda kubaka imishinga imwe n'imwe kubera ikibazo cy’ibura n’izamuka ry’ibiciro bya batiri mu isoko, iterambere ry’isoko ryo kubika ingufu muri Amerika mu 2021 riracyashyizweho. amateka.Ku ruhande rumwe, igipimo cy'imishinga mishya yo kubika ingufu zarenze 3GW ku nshuro ya mbere, cyikubye inshuro 2,5 icyo gihe kimwe muri 2020. Muri bo, 88% by'ubushobozi bwashyizweho bwaturutse ku gusaba imbere y'ameza, kandi ahanini byaturutse kumasoko kuruhande rwa optique yo kubika hamwe ninganda zigenga ingufu zo kubika ingufu;Kurundi ruhande, ubushobozi bwashizweho bwumushinga umwe nabwo burahora busenya amateka mashya.Umushinga munini wo kubika ingufu warangiye mu 2021 ni umushinga wa 409MW / 900MWh Manatee ikigo cyo kubika ingufu za Florida Power and Lighting Company.Muri icyo gihe, Amerika igiye gutangira ibihe bishya by'imishinga ya gigawatt kuva ku rwego rwa megawatt 100.

Kubera kubura amikoro, abayapani bafite imyumvire ikomeye yo kurengera ibidukikije.Mu minsi ya mbere, igihe nta politiki yari ihari kandi igiciro cya moderi yifotora cyari hejuru cyane, batangiye gukoresha amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba.Mu myaka 10 kuva 2011 kugeza 2020, Ubuyapani bushyira ingufu za Photovoltaque bwazamutse cyane.Kuva hashyirwaho politiki y’ingoboka y’ibiciro by’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba mu mwaka wa 2012, ibiranga icyatsi n’umwanda biranga umwanda w’amashanyarazi byatumye hashyirwaho nini kandi ikoreshwa n’ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi.

Mu 2021, Inama y'Abaminisitiri y’Ubuyapani yemeje umushinga w’umugambi wa gatandatu w’ingufu z’ibanze, ishyiraho intego yo guhimba ingufu nshya mu 2030. Inyandiko ivuga ko mu 2030, umubare w’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu mu bigize amashanyarazi uziyongera uva kuri 22% ugera kuri 24 % kugeza kuri 36% kugeza 38%.

Bitandukanye na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, bitewe n’intego z’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu ndetse n’ibihugu by’Uburayi byiyemeje, ndetse no gufungura amahirwe atandukanye ku isoko rya serivisi za gride, isoko ryo kubika ingufu z’ibihugu by’i Burayi ryakomeje kwiyongera kuva mu 2016, kandi ryerekana ko iterambere ryihuta.Dukurikije imibare iri mu mpapuro zera 2022 ku bushakashatsi bw’inganda zibika ingufu, mu 2021, igipimo cy’ibikorwa gishya cyongerewe mu Burayi kizagera kuri 2.2GW, kandi isoko ryo kubika ingufu zo mu rugo rizakora cyane, aho igipimo kirenga 1GW.Muri bo, Ubudage buracyafite umwanya wambere wambere muri uru rwego.92% yubushobozi bushya bwashyizweho buturuka kububiko bwingufu zo murugo, kandi ingano yububiko yageze kuri 430000.Byongeye kandi, isoko ryo kubika ingufu mu ngo mu Butaliyani, Otirishiya, Ubwongereza, Ubusuwisi no mu tundi turere.Isoko ryabanjirije isoko ryibanze cyane mubwongereza na Irilande.Nyuma yuko abambere bemeye kubaka imishinga ifite ubunini burenga 50MW na 350MW mu Bwongereza na Wales, ubushobozi bwashyizweho bwa mbere bwiyongereye vuba, kandi impuzandengo y’umushinga umwe yazamutse igera kuri 54MW;Iyanyuma ifungura isoko rya serivisi yinyongera kububiko bwingufu.Kugeza ubu, igipimo cy’umushinga wo kubika ingufu za batiri urwego ruteganijwe gutegurwa muri Irilande cyarenze 2.5GW, kandi igipimo cy’isoko kizakomeza kwiyongera mu gihe gito, gikomeza iterambere ryihuse.

Ku bijyanye n'Ubudage, nta bushobozi bufite bwo guteza imbere amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba.Kubwibyo, nimwe mumahitamo yingenzi yo gukoresha tekinoroji yo kubika ingufu kugirango ugere kuri gride ihuza ingufu nyinshi zishobora kuvugururwa, cyane cyane mubijyanye no kubika izuba.

Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2020, hafi 70% by'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba mu Budage yahawe ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu za batiri.Kugeza mu 2021, ubushobozi bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa byo mu Budage bibika ingufu zizaba hafi 2.3GWh.

Raporo iherutse gusohoka na Energie Consulting, ikigo ngishwanama cyashinzwe na BVES, abakoresha ingo z’Abadage bashyizeho uburyo bwo kubika ingufu za batiri zirenga 300000, kandi impuzandengo ya buri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zo guturamo zoherejwe ni hafi 8.5 kWt.

Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Energie Consulting bubitangaza, igicuruzwa cy’isoko ryo kubika ingufu zituye mu Budage mu mwaka wa 2019 cyari hafi miliyoni 660 z'amayero, cyiyongereyeho 60% kigera kuri miliyari 1,1 z'amayero muri 2020. Impamvu ni uko abantu bongereye ubushake bwo gukoresha ingufu, kwihaza n'umutekano, no gutanga amashanyarazi kwigenga.

Nka nkingi ya gatatu yihutisha kohereza amashanyarazi nyuma yUbushinwa n’Uburayi, isoko rishya ry’ingufu mu Buhinde rirakanguka.Benshi mu bakora inganda za batiri mu mahanga bashinze inganda mu Buhinde, bongera ubushake bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa mu Buhinde cyangwa muri Aziya yose, kandi bakemuye ibirindiro byinshi by’ibicuruzwa bitanga ingufu n’ibicuruzwa bibika ingufu.Kugeza ubu, ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu zingana na 10% by’amashanyarazi yose yo mu Buhinde.Ubuhinde 2021 bw’ingufu zashyizwe ahagaragara n’ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu (IEA) bwerekana ko Ubuhinde bwashyizeho ingufu z’ingufu zishobora kwiyongera bikagera kuri 900GW muri 2040. Kubera ko igiciro cy’amashanyarazi akomoka ku zuba kiri munsi y’amafaranga 2 / kilowat, ikiguzi cy’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu mu Buhinde ni kinini cyane kurushanwa ubungubu kandi bizahinduka isoko nyamukuru yo gutanga amashanyarazi mumyaka mirongo iri imbere.