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Ibigize hamwe nihame ryakazi rya sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi
Sisitemu yo kubyara ingufu za Photovoltaque zirimo sisitemu ihuza imiyoboro hamwe na sisitemu ya gride. Nkuko izina ribivuga, sisitemu ihujwe na gride yohereza ingufu z'amashanyarazi zakozwe na sisitemu ya Photovoltaque kuri gride yigihugu muburyo bubangikanye. Sisitemu ihujwe na sisitemu igizwe ahanini na moderi ya Photovoltaque, inverters, isanduku yo gukwirakwiza nibindi bikoresho. Sisitemu ya gride ikora yigenga kandi ntikeneye kwishingikiriza kumurongo rusange. Sisitemu ya off grid igomba kuba ifite bateri hamwe nubugenzuzi bwizuba kugirango bibike ingufu, Irashobora kwemeza ituze ryingufu za sisitemu no gutanga ingufu mumitwaro mugihe sisitemu ya fotokoltaque idatanga ingufu cyangwa kubyara amashanyarazi ntibihagije kumunsi uhoraho.

Mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose, ihame ryakazi ni uko modul yifotora ihindura ingufu zumucyo mumashanyarazi ataziguye, naho umuyoboro utaziguye uhinduka amashanyarazi bitewe na inverter, kugirango amaherezo tumenye imikorere yo gukoresha amashanyarazi no kugera kuri interineti.

1. Module ya Photovoltaque
PV module nigice cyibanze cya sisitemu yo kubyara ingufu zose, igizwe na chip ya PV module cyangwa PV modules zitandukanye zisobanurwa na mashini yo gukata laser cyangwa imashini ikata insinga. Kubera ko umuyagankuba na voltage ya selile imwe ya Photovoltaque ari ntoya cyane, birakenewe ko tubanza kubona voltage nini murukurikirane, hanyuma ukabona umuyoboro mwinshi ugereranije, ukayisohora ukoresheje diode (kugirango wirinde kwanduza inyuma), hanyuma ukayipakira kumyuma idafite ingese, aluminium cyangwa ikindi kintu kitari icyuma, shyira ikirahuri hejuru na planne inyuma, wuzuze azote, hanyuma uyishyireho kashe. Modire ya PV ihujwe murukurikirane kandi iringaniye kugirango ikore PV module array, izwi kandi nka PV array.

Ihame ryakazi: izuba rirasira kuri semiconductor pn ihuza, ikora umwobo mushya wa electron. Ingaruka zumuriro wumuriro wumuriro wa pn, umwobo utemba uva mukarere ka p ugana n, na electron zitemba ziva mukarere ka p. Nyuma yumuzunguruko uhujwe, hashyizweho umuyoboro. Igikorwa cyayo ni uguhindura ingufu z'izuba ingufu z'amashanyarazi no kohereza muri bateri yo kubikamo, cyangwa gutwara umutwaro ku kazi.

2. Umugenzuzi (kuri sisitemu ya gride)
Igenzura rya Photovoltaic nigikoresho cyigenzura cyikora gishobora guhita kibuza bateri kurenza urugero no kurenza urugero. Microprocessor yihuta cyane ya CPU hamwe na A / D ihinduranya cyane ikoreshwa nka sisitemu yo kugenzura no kugenzura amakuru ya microcomputer, idashobora gusa gukusanya vuba na bwangu imiterere yimikorere ya sisitemu ya Photovoltaque, kubona amakuru yakazi ya sitasiyo ya PV umwanya uwariwo wose, ariko ikanakusanya amakuru yamateka ya sitasiyo ya PV kuburyo burambuye kandi bukanashingirwaho muburyo bwiza bwo gusuzuma ibipimo bya PV. Itumanaho ryitumanaho ryuruhererekane, Sisitemu nyinshi za PV zishobora gucungwa hagati no kugenzurwa kure.

3. Inverter
Inverter ni igikoresho gihindura amashanyarazi ataziguye yakozwe na fotokoltaque yamashanyarazi ahinduranya amashanyarazi. Inverter ya Photovoltaque nimwe mubintu byingenzi bingana muri sisitemu ya Photovoltaic array sisitemu kandi irashobora gukoreshwa nibikoresho rusange bikoreshwa na AC. Imirasire y'izuba ifite imirimo yihariye yo gufatanya n’ibikoresho bifotora, urugero nko gukurikiranira hafi amashanyarazi no kurinda ingaruka zirwa.

4. Batteri (ntabwo isabwa kuri sisitemu ihuza gride)
Bateri yo kubika ni igikoresho cyo kubika amashanyarazi muri sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi. Kugeza ubu, hari ubwoko bune bwo kubungabunga aside-aside yubusa, bateri zisanzwe za aside-aside, bateri ya gel hamwe na bateri ya alkaline nikel kadmium, hamwe na batiri yubusa ikoreshwa na aside-yubusa.

Ihame ry'akazi: urumuri rw'izuba rumurika kuri module ya Photovoltaque ku manywa, ikabyara ingufu za DC, igahindura ingufu z'umucyo ingufu z'amashanyarazi, hanyuma ikohereza kuri mugenzuzi. Nyuma yo kurinda ibicuruzwa birenze urugero, ingufu z'amashanyarazi ziva muri moderi ya Photovoltaque zoherezwa muri bateri kugirango zibike, kugirango zikoreshwe igihe bikenewe.